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Thread: Capital in the Twenty-First Century

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    Default Capital in the Twenty-First Century


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    Part I: Income and Capital
    Part II: The Dynamics of Capital / Income Ratio
    Part III: The structure of Inequality
    Part IV: Regulating Capital in the Twenty-First Century

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    Default consumption taxes have heaviest burden on the lower class

    I like this part:

    "In the modern era, consumption taxes include value- added taxes as well as taxes on imported goods, drink, gasoline, tobacco, and ser vices. Such taxes have always existed and are often the most hated of all, as well as the heaviest burden on the lower class (one thinks of the salt tax under the Ancien Régime). They are often called “indirect” taxes because they do not depend directly on the income or capital of the individual taxpayer: they are paid indirectly, as part of the selling price of a purchased good. "



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    Interesting statements in the book:

    "It would be wrong, however, to conclude that progressive taxation plays
    only a limited role in modern redistribution. First, even if taxation overall is
    fairly close to proportional for the majority of the population, the fact that
    the highest incomes and largest fortunes are taxed at signifi cantly higher (or
    lower) rates can have a strong infl uence on the structure of in e qual ity. In
    particular, the evidence suggests that progressive taxation of very high incomes
    and very large estates partly explains why the concentration of wealth never
    regained its astronomic Belle Époque levels aft er the shocks of 1914– 1945.
    Conversely, the spectacular decrease in the progressivity of the income tax in
    the United States and Britain since 1980
    , even though both countries had
    been among the leaders in progressive taxation aft er World War II, probably
    explains much of the increase in the very highest earned incomes.


    For all of these reasons, a progressive tax is a crucial component of the social
    state: it played a central role in its development and in the transformation
    of the structure of inequality in the twentieth century, and it remains important
    for ensuring the viability of the social state in the future. But progressive
    taxation is today under serious threat
    , both intellectually (because its various
    functions have never been fully debated) and po liti cally (because tax competition
    is allowing entire categories of income to gain exemption from the
    common rules).
    "

    Yes so true! Progressive tax under threat! We have top-tier income tax cut as well corporate tax cut to be made up by GST! Reduce the income tax of the RICH businessmen and top income and make-up the shortfall of these taxes by taxing the middle and lower-income more via GST!

    Last edited by teddybear; 16-11-14 at 18:04. Reason: Important of progressive taxes

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    Chapter 14: Rethinking the Progressive Income Tax
    Chapter 15: A Global Tax on Capital

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